Journal: Cardiovascular Research

Article Title: Why is early-onset atrial fibrillation uncommon in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy? Insights from the mdx mouse

doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvae022

Figure Lengend Snippet: NOS1 localization and the abundance of syntrophin in the mdx mice. ( A – C ) Representative immunofluorescence staining of NOS1 (yellow), Cav-3 (magenta), and DAPI (blue) in isolated adult cardiomyocytes from WT and mdx LV, LA, and RA. NOS1 localizes to the sarcolemma membrane in WT and mdx mice; however, this staining is reduced in the mdx myocardium. Cav-3 was used as a sarcolemma membrane marker. ( D – F ) Representative immunoblots and densitometry analysis of syntrophin and α-actinin in WT and mdx skeletal muscle, LA, RA, LV, and RV. α-actinin was used as housekeeping control for all immunoblots. N = 12 ( D ) and N = 6 ( E and F ) per group. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. P values were determined by Student’s unpaired t -test ( D ) or two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s multiple comparison ( E and F ). * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Cells were incubated overnight (4°C) with the following primary antibodies: antimouse dystrophin rod domain (NCL-DYS1; 1:100), antirabbit NOS1 (ThermoFisher Scientific; 1:100), or antimouse Cav-3 (Santa Cruz; 1:300) and then the relevant Alexa Fluor secondary antibodies at room temperature.

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Staining, Isolation, Membrane, Marker, Western Blot, Comparison